However, it is possible to adjust the quantity of things being transported and the timing at which they are transported relatively freely. The transport route at the time of transportation is predetermined with AGVs. Since the 1990s, automatic guided vehicles (AGVs), which move on transport paths guided by rails, magnetic markers and similar, have become widely used in the transportation of products, parts, and materials in the production process in place of conveyor belts (Fig. In the worst case, the entire line must be stopped and it becomes necessary to wait until the delayed work is completed. In that case, congestion arises on the line. However, work and transportation often do not proceed at the expected pace. Therefore, it is possible to optimize transportation with conveyors. If the loading and unloading locations and the throughput of each process are fixed, it is easy to synchronize the timing of work and transportation. Even now, continuous production without stopping the line employing the same method is performed in food factories and other facilities. A well-known example of this is that the Ford Model T, which was the forerunner of modern industry, was efficiently assembled with an assembly-line system while moving on a conveyor by being narrowed down to one model. In general, transportation is performed automatically with conveyors to transport goods between processes on lines aimed at low-mix mass production. Factories do not operate ideally – transportation means capable of dealing with variations in operation are necessary That is because the process of exchanging production items called "changeover" work takes a long time, as the work time of each process and the types and quantities of parts and materials used differ for each production item. In particular, there are even some cases in which shortening the transportation time and similar contributes more to an improvement in productivity over the whole line than a shortening of the work time of each process depending on the situation in variable-mix variable-lot production in which diverse products are individually made on the same line while frequently changing production items. Nevertheless, another point of improvement that cannot be overlooked is the shortening of the time for transportation between processes of works in progress and the replenishment of parts and materials to each process. The extent to which the work time (throughput) of each process on the production line (e.g., processing and inspections) is shortened is important to enhance productivity in factories. Smart Factories: Giving Form to Digital Transformation in the Manufacturing Industry.Smart Factories: Giving Form to Digital Transformation in the Manufacturing Industry Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) Have Evolved into Smart Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMR) and Are Improving the Efficiency of Operations in Factories
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